Oral Care For Autistic And Down Syndrome Patients Essay

Oral Care for Autistic and Down Syndrome Patients Cortney Tonnies State Technical College of Missouri Abstract This paper is a summary of two articles, Practical Oral Care for People with Autism and Practical Oral Care for People with Down syndrome. They talked about separately in this paper. First talked about was Autistic and how oral care is important for them to maintain. Though when being the health care provider you need to be educated on how to interact with this patient because you use different techniques than a regular patient. The Down syndrome patient is other techniques that a health care provider should be aware of. And for both of these patients you will learn strategies when it comes to examining or assessing these types of patient’s oral care. Oral care is important for every patient frankly because it is a place bacteria like to live. It will be our duty to teach our patients and these two articles that was used in the paper should help prepare you for the moment. Introduction Oral care is important to keep up with no matter if you are healthy, or have some sort of syndrome or disease. If oral care is not as important to you as food is, then you may be asking for infection because your mouth is a very dirty environment. It is a bacteria heaven. In this paper, I will address a few different topics. First, we will talk about oral care for patients with autism, then patients that have Down syndrome. Both of theseShow MoreRelatedThe Oral Hygiene Maintenance Of An Disabled Children974 Words   |  4 PagesPreventive dentistry is still a comparatively new and least understood subject in our country as maintenance of oral hygiene is often neglected and pushed aside . When it comes to the oral hygiene maintenance of intellectually disabled children, it takes a backseat due to the more pressing need for education and medical treatment . According to WHO, Oral health means more than good teeth; it is integral to general health and essential for well-being. 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Why Athens Lost the Peloponessian War Free Essays

â€Å"They were beaten at all points and altogether; all that they suffered was great; they were destroyed as the saying is with total destruction, their fleet, their army; everything was destroyed and few out of many returned home. † (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 481) The Sicilian military campaign of Athens proved to be one of the most disastrous military campaigns in ancient times. The loss of thousands of soldiers and sailors, hundreds of vessels and vast amounts of money from the treasury reduced tremendously the Athenian ability to wage war; however, even in spite of such a loss, Athens was still able to prolong the war for nine more years until the Spartans defeated Athens in 404 B. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Athens Lost the Peloponessian War or any similar topic only for you Order Now C. The downfall of Athens came as a result of Spartan military operations, which destroyed the Athenian navy and cut off Athens from the supply of grain from Ionia. The decisive battle at Aegospotami in 405 B. C put an end to the Athenian empire and Athenian military power. There were many reasons for the demise of Athens, ranging from bad leadership and preparation for war to a lack of overall strategic concept for conducting the war against Sparta and its allies. All of these reasons contributed to the downfall of Athens in the Peloponnesian War; however, this paper will focus only on the failure of Athens to execute Pericles’s strategy. Athens lost the Peloponnesian War because of a failure to follow the strategy of Pericles, which ultimately led to reckless expeditions, ill-advised war decisions and loss of allies. Pericles was an Athenian politician and general during the time when tensions between Sparta and Athens were rapidly escalating. The two city-states were constantly feuding over interests and were unable to compromise on several issues such as the siege of Potidaea, Megarian decree, and allowing Aegina become independent. This unwillingness of both sides in turn, pushed the rival poleis into a war against each other, which marked the start of the first Peloponnesian War. Before the hostilities began, Pericles laid out a strategy before the council, which if Athens were to follow would lead to a favorable outcome over the Lacedaemonians. The principles of Pericles’ strategy centered on naval warfare, attrition and limited foreign engagements during the time of war. Pericles being a wise strategist and a general knew the strengths and weaknesses of Athens and their opponents Lacedaemonians. Athens could not match the Spartan superiority in the hoplite warfare; however, Athens was capable of destroying Sparta by conducting raids from the sea on Spartan territory. The Athenian maritime fleet became one of the most powerful fleets in the ancient world after the defeat of Persia. The Athenian navy consisted of hundreds of ships and thousands of sailors who over the years gained experience and became second to none in their craft. Their familiarity with the sea allowed Athens to sail anywhere and raise fortification against any enemy in their own land. Such an advantage over the seas prevented Athenian opponents from committing too many resources and soldiers against Athens because of the fear that Athens might strike while they were on an expedition. Furthermore, the domination of the seas allowed Athens to become wealthy from trading with her allies and colonies. The money made abroad combined with the tributes from allies allowed Athens to acquire means for prolonged wars. On the other hand, Sparta in the eyes of Pericles could not afford this luxury and had to fight shorter wars. â€Å"Spartans personally engaged in the cultivation of their land, had no private or public funds, the Peloponnesians are also without experience in long wars across the sea. (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 82) Pericles saw that Sparta can only gain land and money by battle, while Athens had plenty of islands where they received their resources from, which in turn did not require Athens to engage in many battles. In addition, Lacedaemonians were also limited by the type of alliance they were in, where each member had an equal vote. The group had to reach a consensus before they could act, while Athens made decisions and her allies followed. Pericles foresaw that the Peloponnesian League members in their war decisions would press for their own well-being instead of the common good. Therefore, when Athens would attack one of the allies of Sparta, Spartans would be put in a position where they had to choose to either to protect their allies and abandon the attack on Athens, or to continue the attack without support. That was the strategy of Pericles to defeat Lacedaemonians and their allies. By remaining in the city and conducting naval warfare, Athens would eventually reach a favorable outcome against the Spartans. Additionally, for as long as they abstained from new conquest during the war and kept their allies with them they had a good chance in winning the war. Following the death of Pericles in 429 B. C. the Athenian strategy for the war began to change. â€Å"Private ambitions and interests in matters apparently quite foreign to the war, lead them into projects unjust both to themselves and to their allies, projects whose successes would only conduce to the honor and advantage of private persons, and whose failure entailed certain disaster on the country in the war. † (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 126) Personal ambitions and interests were in many cases put before the common good. This change in the strategy was exhibited in many situations and the most prominent was the Sicilian campaign. It was not in Athens’ strategic interest to invade Sicily because the city was still struggling with enemies within their homeland. But, common good and the strategic interest of a polis were overshadowed by eloquent speeches of individuals who promised wealth and expansion of the Athenian Empire as the results of the expeditions. However, these expeditions proved to be more detrimental than beneficial to the city of Athens. The Sicilian campaign is the prime example of unnecessary expedition, which stemmed more from personal ambitions than overall interest of the city. Athens became involved in Sicily because of her alliance with Egesta, which was at war with Selinuntines. The Egestaeans called upon Athens to assist them in war not only because they signed an alliance and belonged to the same Ionian ethnic groups but also because of supposed danger that Syracusans the allies of Selinuntines posed to Athens. Egestaeans persuaded Athenians that if they would not act Syracusans would take over Sicily and than would join the Peloponnesians in attacking Athens. The envoys from Athens were dispatched to survey the situation in Sicily and when they returned Athens decided to join the Egestaeans in the war against Selinuntines and Syracusans. Few Athenians questioned the decision of the council, however, among them was Nicias the general who was leading the expedition to Sicily. Nicias argued that the expedition to Sicily would bring Athens more enemies and more problems. Athens needed to focus on the war with the Lacedaemonians and securing the empire they established and not to undertake new conquests. However, his arguments fell on deaf ears and Athens began to prepare for the expedition. Over five thousands hoplites and one hundred triremes were dispatched from Athens to Sicily in 415 B. C. The goal of the expedition was simple, to capture Syracuse, however, Syracuse stood its ground and the Athenian generals requested more soldiers and ships from Athens. Even with the reinforcements, Athens was unable to gain advantage over the Syracusans. The results of the expedition were disastrous and not what the Athenians had expected. Syracuse and their allies, with the help of Spartans were able to stop and later annihilate the Athenians in Sicily. The Athenian failure in Sicily reverberated across the Greek world, which led to more problems for the Athenians. With the news of the defeat, not only did the enemies of Athens become more emboldened to take actions against Athens but also the Athenian colonies began to revolt which caused Athens both economic and political problems. Athens’ source of strength came from her allies and colonies. They did not only provide Athens with money in a form of tribunes but also supplied her with resources such as wood, silver or food. The Athenian alliance system was set up in such a way that it required everyone to contribute money, ships or men. These contributions were then put to use in the war by Athens. The contributions kept on coming in for as long as Athens could control her allies, however when Athens began to engage in battles and started losing them, the allies revolted. The allies and colonies began to revolt because Athens could no longer proceed with forces against them. Additionally, the treatment by Athens created resentment among the allies and colonies. The allies no longer saw themselves as equals but as servants to Athens. When Lacedaemonians came through, their city’s majority changed sides because they believed that would receive freedom from by siding with Sparta. The revolutions of allies in many cases were also due to the bad treatment by Athens. After engaging in campaigns, which did not bring back the desired result, Athens pressed her allies for more tribunes and contributions. The poleis which did not want to pay more eventually revolted, than Athens was forced to put down the revolutions with force, which alienated the allies even more. The revolts and losses of allies had a profound impact on Athenian war efforts. Not only did they require Athens to diverge manpower and resources away from the war but also Athens was cut of from tribunes, which they badly needed after the failure in Sicily. â€Å"If you consent not to combine schemes of fresh conquest with the conduct of the war, and will abstain willfully involving yourselves in other dangers, indeed, I am more afraid of our own blunders than of the enemy’s devices. † (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 85) The leaders of Athens and majority of the Athenian populace did not take the advice of Pericles to heart. Witnessing the destruction of the countryside from inside the Long Walls, many Athenians became enraged with Pericles’s strategy. People like Cleon and Alcibiades who promulgated more offensive and daring plans in the war, became leaders. With their promises of wealth, glory and fame, they were able to persuade Athenians to engage in unneeded expeditions. However, these expeditions only drew the attention away of what was actually needed to end the war. Athens lost the Peloponnesian War because of her failure to follow Pericles’s strategy. Pericles’s strategy stressed the importance of navy and staying within one’s walls which if was adhered to by the Athenians; it would ultimately lead Athens towards a favorable outcome. However, personal ambitions and interest preceded the common good, which resulted in failed expeditions and policies. These disastrous expeditions in the end were compounded with revolts and losses of allies, which ultimately led to the Athenian downfall. Athens was no longer able to provide manpower and resources to continue the war and ultimately was taken over by Lacedaemonia. How to cite Why Athens Lost the Peloponessian War, Essay examples

The Risks of Outsourcing IT

Question: Discuss about the Risks of Outsourcing IT. Answer: Forum Discussion Cloud Computing In the modern troubled economy, cloud computing offers a solution to meeting the on-demand resource requirements where an organisation is able to lease services that would otherwise be unaffordable. Furthermore, this innovation offers viable alternatives to traditional IT infrastructure requirements which improves system performance and efficiency. However, as compelling as it is cloud computing does pose some substantial risk, for one data security is a heavy risk that an organisation has to contend with. Data security is a big issue because the boundaries of operation are unclear in cloud computing and so is the separation of data. In addition to this, cloud computing increases network exposure and the applications themselves (Prakash, 2011). However, like any other technological problems, there are measures that can be implemented to manage these problems that may risk the functionality of cloud services. Self-assessment is an integral step in enhancing risk management as it helps identify an organisations data and is later used to protect it. Finally, the security concerns are fully mitigated by an end to end security system. E-commerce When e-commerce was introduced to the market it created a new avenue for retailers to conduct business. In essence, it created a new market environment that was more dynamic and versatile as compared to the physical world/environment. This virtual market had improved flexibility and convenience where shoppers would conduct business from anywhere in the world at any given time. However, its strengths could also be used to target user in order to acquire sensitive information from them. Most online transactions occur between parties unknown to each other and away from the physical eye, this possibility increases the risk of the people involved as some can take advantage to solicit information from unwary targets (Visa Asia-Pacific, 2000). Considers the cases of identity theft where peoples confidential information is used illegally to transact business after been obtained through illegal means such as malware infections executed in the form of phishing, or even spoofing. These risks present a viable risk to online business a factor that creates the necessity for risk management. On top of the security protocols that safeguard peoples confidential data, an organisation can educate its employees on the basic precautionary measures to protect online data. Furthermore, these precautions can then be adopted at an individual level. Outsourcing IT infrastructure in an organisation Outsourcing IT services is an efficient way for an organisation to minimise operational cost while maintaining a high standard of service requirements. For instance, an organisation will outsource the development of its systems (Softwares) to another organisation by buying a fully packaged software. This purchase eliminates some risks on behalf of the organisations whose need is a final and operational system (Earl, 1996). However, like in any other form of business, there is risk involved in this endeavour. While it may cut on operation costs and increase the access to specialised resources, it can produce an unnecessary outcome to IT infrastructure. For instance, it can increase the operation value if the services received fail to meet the set standards. Moreover, it can reduce the overall service delivery by diminishing the level of expertise within an organisation. As a solution, an organisation can limit IT outsourcing requirements to heavy infrastructure that prove costly to develop within the organisation. Moreover, it can establish a renewable policy that utilises fresh expertise in each outsourced task it considers. Such regulations can mitigate the risks involved in business and in the IT infrastructure. References Earl. M. J. (1996). The Risks of Outsourcing IT. MIT Sloan Management Review. Retrieved 25 January, 2017, from: https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/the-risks-of-outsourcing-it/ Prakash. S. (2011). Risk Management in Cloud Computing. CIO from idg. Retrieved 25 January, 2017, from: https://www.cio.com/article/2409109/cloud-computing/risk-management-in-cloud-computing.html Visa Asia-Pacific. (2000). Electronic Commerce Risk Management, Merchant best practice. Risk administration. Retrieved 25 January, 2017, from: https://www.stgeorge.com.au/content/dam/stg/downloads/Merchant_%20ecommerce_merchant.pdf

Primary Source Analysis Common Sense free essay sample

Thomas Pains Common Sense was composed to invoice Americans of the need for independence from British rule and establishment of democracy. This pamphlet was written In common language to appeal to lower class citizens, rather than written in Latin, which was aimed towards the small elite. Also, Paine made several biblical references to appeal to his the people and King George Ill, the Pharaoh of England (Thomas Paine, Common Sense). We will write a custom essay sample on Primary Source Analysis Common Sense or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ironically, Thomas Paine was an English Immigrant; however he offered a good perspective on the Importance of American Independence.Thomas Paine, John Adams and Dry. Benjamin Rush consisted of a group who fought for American independence by constructing the pamphlet. Attacking the English government, Paine states, Society in every state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil in its worst state an in tolerable one; for when we suffer, or are exposed to the same miseries by a government, which we might expect in a country without government, our calamities is heightened by reflecting that we furnish the means by which we suffer! (Thomas Paine, Common Sense). Content: The mall point In Thomas Pains Common Sense was Independence from Brothels rule and the establishment of democracy. To build his case Paine points out many faults in the English government consisting of its complexity, the absurd configuration of monarchy and the principles of heredit ary rule. Paine expresses that the English government is based off of two ancient tyrannies. .. Monarchical tyranny in the person of the king [and] aristocratically tyranny in the persons of the peers (Thomas Paine, Common Sense) imposing that Englands government is ineffective. He argues that a democratic system based on continual elections and rights of the people protected by a written constitution would be more beneficial to society. To strengthen the concept of democracy, Paine speaks of a hypothetical society brought up In an Isolated part of the world, away from other inhabitants. This supposed society represented the first people.Thomas Paine claims that some of Its people will have many accomplishments other will not; thus through hunger, disease, misfortune and death It Is Inevitable that the people will set up some form of community, they will mutually and naturally support each other, and on this (not on the unmeaning name of king) depends the strength of government, and the happiness of the governed (Thomas Paine, Common Sense). This statement reassures his beliefs towards democracy while showing how pointless English rule is to society.Thomas Paine is attempting to promote American independence with this document by explaining the benefits of democracy, in doing so he is demeaning the English government. Paine emphasizes the prejudices the English may have had by stating, And as a man, who is attached to a prostitute, is unfitted to choose or Judge of a wife, so any prepossession in favor of a rotten constitution of government will disable us from discerning a good one (Thomas Paine, Common Sense).Consequences/Causation/Conclusions: Although these ideas were not original, Paine directed Common Sense towards common people writing simply are directly thus expanding the public sphere, where political discussion took place. This document contributed to the separation of the colonies and Great Britain. Shortly after, the United States was declared an independent nation and on July 4, 1776, Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson and revised by the Congress was approved.This document reveals that American society is reluctantly involved in Britains wars and altercations resulting in bad relationships with other countries that would otherwise look for reminders. As well as Britains right to tax the colonies and the belief that Britain was a corrupt society where freedom was dwindling. The significance of this primary source in history is to inform Americans how independence was born.